Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus diabetes care. Diabetes mellitus has become one of the most common chronic diseases in the world. Its not often that people will know about the 6 different types of diabetes, let alone the most common. However, any such submissions must not have been published in a scientific journal, book or other venue that could be considered formal publication. Type 1 diabetes accounts for 510% of all diabetes in the united states. While metformin remains firstline treatment for type 2 diabetes, there are now two classes of medications to improve diabetes outcomes. Obesity is one of the major causes of type 2 diabetes.
Seven types of diabetes and their prevalence dlife. Due to the complexity of the condition, its hard to properly diagnosis and distinguish between the different types of diabetes. This journal is also very important since it has different charts on which different levels of blood sugar are mentioned. Jdc also publishes articles on physiological and molecular aspects of glucose homeostasis. In the other, much more prevalent category, type 2 diabetes, the cause is a combination of. Different classes of diabetes mellitus, type 1, type 2, gestational diabetes and other types of diabetes mellitus are compared in terms of diagnostic criteria, etiology and genetics. An additional 86 million have prediabetes, putting them at high risk for developing type 2 diabetes. Journal of diabetes research table of contents journal of diabetes research publishes articles related to type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The risk of type 2 diabetes increases with age, meaning that most people who develop type 2 diabetes are usually middle aged or older. For starters, we will explore the different types of the disease, what makes them different from each other, and how prevalent they are in the united states. The molecular genetics of diabetes received extensive attention in recent years by many prominent investigators and research groups in the biomedical field. If you have these symptoms, it is important that you talk with your doctor. The symptoms of type 1 diabetes can look like other conditions or medical problems.
There does appear to be a genetic component to type 1 diabetes, but the cause has yet to be identified. One in 3 people in the us will develop fatty liver disease. Journal of diabetes and its complications will also publish papers on the general pathogenesis and prevention of diabetes. Gestational diabetes occurs when there is a high blood glucose level during pregnancy. Type 2 diabetes was also called noninsulindependent diabetes. Type 1 diabetes the journal of clinical endocrinology.
The onset of clinical disease represents the end stage of. When you have type 1 diabetes, your body produces very little or no insulin, which means that you need daily insulin injections to maintain blood glucose levels under control. Among the environmental associations linked to type 1 diabetes are enteroviral and other infections 51,52 and altered intestinal microbiome composition. Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia. The timing of exposure to foods including cereal and nutrients such as gluten may influence. The vast majority of cases of diabetes fall into two broad etiopathogenetic categories discussed in greater detail below. It is an autoimmune disease, meaning it happens because the bodys immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the bodys insulinmaking cells. People with diabetes are 20% more likely than those without diabetes to have anxiety at some point in their life. The open access journal is committed to publishing highquality, basic and clinical research articles regarding type 1 and type 2 diabetes and associated complications. Several other signs and symptoms can mark the onset of diabetes, a.
Journal of diabetes will consider submissions that have previously been made available online, either on a preprint server like arxiv, biorxiv, or peerj preprints, or on the authors own website. Pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic autoimmune disease associated with selective destruction of insulinproducing pancreatic. Nevertheless, type 2 diabetes can still cause major health complications, particularly in the smallest blood vessels in the body that nourish the kidneys, nerves, and eyes. Table of contents journal of diabetes research hindawi. Type 1 and type 2 diabetes, diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy, gestational diabetes and covers all aspects of diabetes technology including. In the other, much more prevalent category, type 2 diabetes, the cause is a combination of resistance to insulin action and an inadequate compensatory insulin. Results from the international diabetes federation diabetes atlas, 9th edition. Pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus academic journals. Managing a longterm condition like diabetes is a major source of anxiety for some. These include different types of monogenic diabetes, cystic fibrosisrelated diabetes, and diabetes caused by rare syndromes. In type 2 diabetes, many people have no symptoms at all, while other signs can go unnoticed being seen as part of getting older. Type 1 diabetes cant be cured, but it can be managed by taking insulin before eating. Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and its treatment policy.
Classification, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of. The diagnosis and management of atypical types of diabetes the. A lack of insulin or resistance to insulin causes sugar to build up in your blood. Evaluation and evolution of diabetes mobile applications. A recent poster presented at the european association for the study of diabetes 20 meeting reported that the life expectancy of people with type 1 diabetes aged 2024 years is about 1114 years less than that of individuals without diabetes. Differentiation of diabetes by pathophysiology, natural.
Traditional examples are single genetic defects also known as maturity onset diabetes of the young or mody, cystic fibrosis, hemochromatosis, surgical causes and drug causes. Among the demographic associations for type 2 diabetes are older age, raceethnicity, male sex, and socioeconomic status. Type 2 diabetes is often a milder form of diabetes than type 1. Topics include etiology, pathogenesis, management, and prevention of diabetes, as well as associated complications such as nephropathy. It usually strikes children and teenagers, but can appear later in life. This article outlines special physical activity and nutritional considerations for those with type 1 diabetes t1d and t2d. In addition to type 1 and type 2 diabetes, there are other types of diabetes that can present. Gestational diabetes mellitus gdm diabetes diagnosed in the second or third trimester of pregnancy that was not clearly overt diabetes prior to gestation 4.
Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus ncbi. Standards of medical care in diabetes 2018 abridged for. Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and its treatment policy jmaj 531. Type 2 diabetes affects the way the body uses insulin. Most downloaded diabetes research and clinical practice. Assigning a type of diabetes to an individual often depends on the circumstances present at the time of diagnosis, and many diabetic individuals do not easily fit into a single class. Journal of diabetes and its complications jdc is a journal for health care practitioners and researchers, that publishes original research about the pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus and its complications.
The 6 different types of diabetes the diabetic journey. In one category, type 1 diabetes, the cause is an absolute deficiency of insulin. For susceptible people, there may be a personal fat threshold at which ectopic fat accumulation occurs, worsening insulin resistance and resulting in. The global escalation of obesity and diabetes in developed and developing nations poses a great health challenge. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by the. Glucose, the form of sugar found in your blood, is one of your main energy sources. Low serum concentrations of vitamin d have been linked to type 1 diabetes. Other types of diabetes might result from pregnancy gestational diabetes, surgery, use of certain medicines, various illnesses and other specific causes. In type 1 diabetes, symptoms are often sudden and can be lifethreatening. There are also other less common types of diabetes including gestational diabetes, lada and mody. In addition to type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetes, there are a range of other types of diabetes, which are just as important about 2% of people have these other types of diabetes. Hypertension and abnormalities of lipoprotein metabolism are often found in people with diabetes.
Definition, classification and diagnosis of diabetes, prediabetes. What health problems can people with diabetes develop. Diabetes classification into type 1 and type 2 diabetes relies primarily on the presence type 1 diabetes or absence type 2 diabetes of autoantibodies against pancreatic islet. Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045. Type 2 diabetes occurs at different levels of bmibody fat composition in different individuals and at lower bmi for asians and asian americans. Symptoms of both types of diabetes can appear at any age, but generally type 1 occurs in children and young adults. To get this one, click the free download link given at the end and download diabetes journal pdf right now from our website.
Gestational diabetes mellitus gdm diabetes diagnosed in the second or third trimester of pregnancy that is not clearly overt diabetes 4. Diabetes is a disease that occurs when your blood glucose, also called blood sugar, is too high. As pregnancy progresses, the developing baby has a greater need for glucose. While the body still makes insulin, unlike in type i, the cells in the body do not respond to it. Type 1 diabetes is thought to be caused by an autoimmune reaction the body attacks. International diabetes federation what is diabetes. With this approach, 7585% of patients are classified as having type 2 diabetes. According to statistics from 2011, the american diabetes association ada estimates that 25.
Other specific types include a wide variety of relatively uncommon. Developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, or nafld, occurs in people with obesity and type 2 diabetes, and can be reversed with weight loss. There are three main types of diabetes type 1, type 2 and gestational. Most downloaded diabetes research and clinical practice articles the most downloaded articles from diabetes research and clinical practice in the last 90 days. Type 1 diabetes can develop at any age, but occurs most frequently in children and adolescents. Different classes of diabetes mellitus, type 1, type 2, gestational diabetes and other types of diabetes mellitus are. However, persons with diabetes, and those who supervise clients who have diabetes, should be aware of exercise recommendations and contraindications. Criteria for initial considerations for papers submitted will be originality, statistical probability of all data, and applicability to the aims of the journal as a whole.
Insulin resistance, type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and. Journal of diabetes and its complications elsevier. Other specific types include a wide variety of relatively uncommon conditions, primarily. Type 2 diabetes is much more common and accounts for 9095% of all diabetes. Gestational diabetes mellitus refers to glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy.
216 1478 614 590 666 995 133 1117 329 1558 90 578 496 1477 949 373 718 510 945 1257 924 400 1125 1518 700 1315 1268 1327 1055 1102 1043 975 1097 789 48 986 323 859 839